Diabetes is a very serious and dangerous disease that requires constant treatment. Along with the use of drug therapy, patients should lead a healthy lifestyle, give up addictions and do sports. It is equally important to know what you can eat with diabetes and which products you should completely reject.
If there is a significant deterioration in well-being, malaise, constant and, moreover, unquenchable thirst, xerostomia, frequent urination, skin itching, especially in the feet and groin, you should immediately contact an endocrinologist and undergo an examination. These symptoms signal the development of diabetes.
The disease is certainly dangerous and serious, but it is not a sentence. Many people live with an illness. To normalize well-being, maintain normal blood sugar levels and eliminate unpleasant symptoms, you should follow a special diet and know what you can eat with diabetes.
Pathology can develop both in an adult and in a child. Often the disease is diagnosed in pregnant women. With the right treatment and a healthy diet, the disease can be controlled.
IT IS IMPORTANT
What can you drink with diabetes
Most patients try to watch their diet. They do not eat junk food and try to make the food as healthy and balanced as possible. But not everyone keeps track of what drinks they drink. Diabetics should not drink alcoholic beverages, store-bought juices, strong tea, kvass, sweet soda.
If you want to drink, you should prefer the following drinks:
- non-carbonated mineral water or purified water;
- unsweetened juice;
- jelly;
- compotes;
- weak tea;
- green tea;
- herbal decoctions and infusions;
- freshly squeezed juice (but only diluted);
- skimmed dairy products.
Doctors do not recommend patients to drink coffee. But scientists have proven that coffee is rich in useful and necessary substances, including antioxidants that help prevent the development of tumors. They are rich in grains and linoleic acid, which prevent the development of heart attacks, strokes and other pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, you can drink coffee with diabetes, the most important thing is that the coffee is natural and without sugar.
Basic rules for healthy eating
Every diabetic, without exception, should know what to eat in the presence of diabetes. Eating all the food in a row is fraught with a deterioration of general well-being.
Any diet, including diabetes, has its own characteristics and rules.
Diet therapy must:
- limiting the consumption of carbohydrate products;
- reduction in caloric intake;
- the use of fortified foods;
- five to six meals a day;
- meals at the same time;
- enrichment of the diet with natural vitamins - vegetables and fruits (with the exception of sweet ones, especially persimmons and dates);
- eat small meals;
- exclusion of long intervals between meals;
- preparation of a menu taking into account the GI of the products;
- minimize salt intake;
- refusal to eat fatty, spicy, spicy, fried food;
- refusal to use alcohol and sweet soda, as well as convenience food and fast food;
- replacing sugar with natural sweeteners: fructose, sorbitol, etc. ;
- the use of boiled, baked and steamed food.
The right diet is the key to good health
Diabetics, regardless of the type of disease, should follow a proper and healthy diet:
- To constantly maintain insulin levels, you must have a complete breakfast.
- Every meal should start with a vegetable salad. This contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes and weight correction.
- The last meal should take place no later than three hours before bedtime.
- The food you eat must be at a comfortable temperature. You can eat hot and moderately cool dishes with diabetes.
- Liquids can be drunk either half an hour before meals or after 30 minutes. Do not drink water or juice during the meal.
- It is important to stick to the routine. Eating five to six times a day helps prevent a sharp rise in blood sugar levels.
- The diet should be enriched with low-fat fish, dairy products with a low fat content, vegetables and fruits, cereals.
- Diabetics should give up sugar and all products containing it.
- The optimal daily calorie content is 2400 kcal.
- It is also important to monitor the chemical composition of dishes. The share of complex carbohydrates in the daily diet is 50%, proteins - 20%, fats - 30%.
- One and a half liters of purified or mineral non-carbonated water should be consumed per day.
GI (glycemic index) - what is it?
Each product has its own GI. Otherwise it is called "bread unit" - XE. And if the nutritional value determines how much useful substances will be converted into energy for the body, then GI is an indicator of the digestibility of carbohydrate products. It indicates how quickly carbohydrate products are absorbed while simultaneously increasing blood sugar.
What can diabetics eat while following a diet and table number 9
Many patients who have heard the word "diet" consider it a phrase. They believe that their diet will be limited to a minimum. In fact, everything is far from it. Dietary therapy for a disease means limiting caloric intake, consuming complex carbohydrates and eliminating simple carbohydrates. Food can be both therapeutic and delicious at the same time. You just need to know what diabetics can eat.
Eating the right foods will help both with weight control and maintaining normal insulin levels.
Patients may use the following products:
- Interrupted. It is preferable that it is black bread or products intended for diabetics. The daily norm is 300 g. The use of cereals, whole grains and "Borodino" bread is also allowed.
- Soups. It is desirable that the first dishes are prepared on vegetable broth.
- Lean meat (veal, beef, rabbit, chicken) and fish: zander, carp, cod. Any cooking method, only frying is excluded.
- Eggs and scrambled eggs. You must not consume more than one egg per day. Abuse of this product is fraught with an increase in cholesterol levels.
- Dairy products (low-fat milk, cottage cheese, kefir, coagulated milk, fermented baked milk, natural yogurt).
- Cheese (unsalted and low-fat).
- Berries and fruits: grapefruit, raspberries, apples, kiwi. Their consumption not only helps in increasing sugar but also in lowering the level of harmful cholesterol.
- Vegetables: cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, greens.
- Honey (limited).
- Beverages: juice, herbal preparations, mineral water.
All these products can be eaten by diabetics. But the most important thing is to observe the measurement in total. The food must not be greasy. You can't drink alcohol either.
Permitted products for people with an insulin-dependent form
Pathology of the first type, or insulin-dependent diabetes, is characterized by severe symptoms, an acute course and is accompanied by increased appetite. In addition to the use of insulin, it is important to know what diabetics can eat. A properly formulated diet is the best way to maintain health and well-being.
The diet for diabetics with the first type of pathology is similar to the diet for patients with the second type. It is allowed to use: non-carbonated mineral water, shellfish and low-fat fish, oatmeal and buckwheat, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, boiled eggs, dietary meat.
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Table number 9 for pathology
Patients are most often prescribed to adhere to diet table No. 9. The diet assumes six meals a day, exclusion of fat, fried food, spicy, smoked meat, salty food and sweets. The energy value of the daily diet should not exceed 2500 kcal. Diabetics can eat food prepared in any way, with the exception of frying.
What not to do with diabetes: allowed and prohibited foods, sample menu
Any person suffering from a serious illness should know what not to do with diabetes. Abuse of harmful products is fraught with degradation.
The products on the list must be discarded:
- Sahara. It is recommended to replace with sweeteners.
- Baking. This type of food is strongly discouraged. In addition to being high in sugar, they are also high in calories, which is not very good for blood sugar levels.
- Fatty meat and fish products.
- Smoked dishes and canned food. These products have a high glycemic index.
- Animal fat, mayonnaise.
- Dairy with a high fat content.
- Semolina and grain-based products as well as pasta.
- Vegetables. You can't eat certain vegetables with diabetes, but if that doesn't work, you should limit their consumption as much as possible: potatoes, fried zucchini.
- Sweet fruits.
- Beverages: sweet sodas, concentrated or store-bought juices, compotes, strong black tea.
- Snacks, seeds, chips.
- Sweets. With any type of diabetes, especially gestational diabetes, the use of ice cream, jam, milk chocolate is prohibited.
- Alcoholic beverages.
Permitted and prohibited products:
Proper nutrition, together with the introduction of insulin, is the key to good health. Adherence to a diet, as well as the use of medicine, the patient should be all his life. This is the only way to maintain normal blood sugar levels. What to eat and what not to eat with diabetes.
Must be eaten:
- purified water or mineral water;
- weak tea, coffee;
- mushrooms;
- green peas;
- radish;
- radish;
- turnips;
- prayers;
- green;
- carrots;
- beets;
- eggplant;
- pepper;
- cabbage;
- cucumbers;
- tomatoes.
Permitted use:
- egg;
- berry;
- fruits;
- soups;
- cross;
- interrupted;
- legumes (peas, beans, lentils);
- potatoes;
- honey;
- low-fat cheeses;
- low-fat dairy products;
- low-fat cooked sausage;
- meat and fish products.
It is forbidden to eat:
- alcoholic beverages;
- grapes;
- bananas;
- persimmons;
- dates;
- sweets (ice cream, jam, lollipops, cookies);
- Sahara;
- frog;
- canned food;
- smoked and sausage products;
- fatty meat and fish products;
- full-fat dairy products;
- animal fat.
How to replace harmful products
It is forbidden for patients to eat foods with a high calorie content, as such products provoke the development of the disease and worsen the effect of drugs.
Harmful products can be replaced with useful, suitable in composition:
- White bread can be replaced with rye flour products.
- Sweets and desserts - berries and diabetic desserts.
- Animal fat is vegetable fat.
- Fatty meat products and cheeses - low-fat products, avocados.
- Cream is a low-fat dairy product.
- Ice cream - hard cheeses, seafood, legumes.
- Beer - dairy products, beef, eggs.
- Sweet soda - beetroot, carrots, legumes.
- Sausage is a dairy product.
Approx weekly menu
You can make a menu for each day or immediately for the whole week on your own, taking into account what is possible and what is not possible with diabetes. Below is a sample menu for the week.
The first day.
- Breakfast: salad with cucumber and cabbage, oatmeal, weak tea.
- Snack: apple or kefir.
- Lunch meal: vegetable soup, zucchini casserole, compote.
- Snack: cottage cheese casserole.
- Evening meal: buckwheat porridge, boiled chicken fillet, juice.
Second day.
- Breakfast: milk pumpkin porridge, jelly.
- Snack: cookies.
- Lunch: lean borscht, millet porridge with baked pollock fillet, green tea.
- Snack: coagulated milk.
- Dinner: squash stew, kefir.
Day three.
- Breakfast: boiled egg, cheese sandwich, coffee.
- Snack: baked apple.
- Lunch meal: fish soup, buckwheat porridge, steamed chicken meatballs, tomato juice.
- Snack: orange.
- Evening meal: milky rice porridge, boiled prawns, fermented baked milk.
Day four.
- Breakfast: scrambled eggs, cheese sandwich, tea.
- Snack: salad with tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers.
- Lunch meal: cabbage soup, baked fish, compote.
- Snack: raspberry jelly.
- Evening meal: boiled turkey, tomato juice.
Day five.
- Breakfast: baked pumpkin, apple compote.
- Snack: an apple.
- Lunch: mushroom soup, oatmeal, carrot juice.
- Snack: kefir.
- Dinner: lazy cabbage rolls, curdled milk.
Day six.
- Breakfast: cottage cheese, coffee.
- Snack: apple juice and crackers.
- Lunch: soup with chicken pieces and buckwheat, baked hake, compote.
- Snack: vegetable salad.
- Evening meal: steamed beef cutlet, oatmeal, carrot juice.
Day seven.
- Breakfast: pumpkin porridge, green tea.
- Snack: any allowed fruit.
- Lunch: soup with rice, bell pepper stuffed with chicken meat, tomato juice.
- Snack: vegetable salad, cheese sandwich.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge, stewed cabbage, kefir.
There can be six meals. But the most important thing is that the last meal must be no later than three hours before bedtime.
Diet therapy for diabetes is not difficult, but necessary. The list of allowed products is quite large, so the diet will not be monotonous. The most important thing to understand is that a healthy diet in the event of illness is the key to good health and maintaining normal blood sugar levels.